South Sudan is a landlocked country with the White Nile as its major water source. The river passes through the country and provides water to the Sudd Swamp, the largest swamp in the world, located between Malakal and Bor.
The swamp is home to many aquatic species, including: Silver fish, Tilapia, Distichodus, Heterotis, African catfish, Snout fish, Tiger fish, Nile carp, Moon fish, Lungfish, Barbel, Gymnachus and the Nile ecosystem fish species among many more.
Fishing in South Sudan is seasonal due to the hot weather. During the dry season, water levels decrease in some water bodies, leading to fish scarcity. However, during the wet season, over 100 fish species can be found in more than 80,000 km² of fisheries.
Major Rivers in South Sudan
The most well-known rivers in South Sudan include:
- The Nile River – Originates from Uganda and flows through South Sudan and Ethiopia.
- The White Nile – A remarkable river that provides water for both domestic and industrial use.
These rivers are rich in nutritious Nile perch, which is mostly consumed locally. The fish industry plays a key role in improving the standard of living in South Sudan, as fish sales provide income for many people.
Fish Preservation and Marketing
Fisheries in South Sudan use traditional preservation methods, such as:
- Smoking
- Salting
- Sun-drying
In some cases, processing technology is used on a small scale, but fishermen still experience losses due to lack of skills and organization. Fish is mainly sold within Juba and other towns by producers and traders, but they lack proper marketing channels to export fish globally, which results in financial losses.
Restaurants and hotels are popular destinations for tasting fish. Many restaurants display menus that include fish dishes, which are enjoyed by both locals and visitors.
Large-scale fish producers use advanced preservation methods to transport fish to the north and to hotels and restaurants in domestic markets.
Challenges in the Fish Industry
The fish industry in South Sudan has potential for growth, but it faces several challenges. Many fish pond owners struggle with inadequate fingerlings and fish feed supply, leading to low production.
However, some private organizations have started funding fish ponds, which are mostly located in the Greater Equatoria region.
Despite local production, South Sudan depends on fish imports to meet demand and satisfy its low per capita fish consumption.
Types of Fishing in South Sudan
Fishing is divided into two main categories:
- Subsistence fishing – Fish is caught for personal use.
- Commercial fishing – Fish is caught for sale.
The estimated annual fish catch in South Sudan is 114,000 tonnes, excluding marine fisheries, since South Sudan is a landlocked country.
Fishing is an enjoyable activity. Always feel free to go fishing or relax by the calm water bodies when visiting South Sudan.
